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Note however, that the information we gather is likely to be germane to the examination and study of many etiologies of cognitive impairment in which the measurement of RT forms a component of diagnostic and follow-up test batteries. Here, we begin to apply the idea of RT decomposition in the context of subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), a condition in which slowed RT is a commonly described clinical and research characteristic. This makes it hard to assess the integrity of specific processing components that could provide information about the integrity of many aspects of brain processing and thus the integrity of behaviours related to environmental interaction and response, everyday life, the experience of living with cognitive impairment and factors potentially contributing to signs and symptoms.

The starting point for the current work is the observation that the study of RT in aging and in clinical populations (such as individuals living with mild cognitive impairment or dementia) often does not make use of such a “mental chronometry” approach. Similarly, the identity of the stimulus, the nature of available responses, the presence or absence of “go” signals, the stability of the target once a movement has been made, the quality of feedback, and the inclusion of additional distractors, can all be manipulated, and the consequences for overall RT and thus behavior, measured. The strength of the sensory signal can be altered, to affect detection. Additional factors, such as knowledge about one’s own motor capabilities and/or the presence of other objects (that expensive wine glass on the table near your leg), may also influence the speed and nature of the movement performed.īy designing appropriate tasks and task manipulations that “decompose” overall RT, the contribution of individual processing stages or components can be directly assessed. For example, deciding whether to swat or gently remove an insect that lands on your leg involves at least: detection (something just landed on my leg), recognition (it was a mosquito, ladybird, bee?), action selection (swat or brush), action preparation, action initiation and finally, online movement control. Coupled with the appropriate behavioral analysis and/or imaging techniques, reaction time (RT) measures can be used to identify functional deficits at any of the various stages of processing thought to contribute to even the most basic, everyday actions.

The overall speed with which a response is made to a stimulus within the visual environment has long been used as a sensitive probe into brain function. Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports, vol. Keywords: Aging, attention, cerebral small vessel disease, dementia, intra-individual variability, mental chronometry, reaction time, stimulus response/movement initiation & control, vascular cognitive impairment Thornton, Department of Cognitive Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta.

| Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UKīristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKĭepartment of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UKĭepartment of Cognitive Science, University of Malta, MaltaĬorrespondence to: Andrea Tales, Centre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK. e *Ĭentre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK Authors: Richards, Emma a | Tales, Andrea a * | Bayer, Antony b | Norris, Jade E.

Itunes MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment